Approved by Dr. Sunil – While Red Dye 33 is not classified as a carcinogen and is approved for use in cosmetics and externally applied drugs in the U.S., concerns exist regarding potential allergic reactions, sensitivities, and its impact on children’s behavior, especially ADHD. Studies suggest a possible link between synthetic dyes and health issues, including behavioral effects in children and cancer risks, though evidence is not conclusively proven. Given these concerns, seeking natural alternatives and reading product labels carefully can be a wise choice for those looking to minimize synthetic dye exposure.

While Red Dye 33 is not classified as a carcinogen and is approved for use in cosmetics and externally applied drugs in the U.S., concerns exist regarding potential allergic reactions, sensitivities, and its impact on children’s behavior, especially ADHD. Studies suggest a possible link between synthetic dyes and health issues, including behavioral effects in children and cancer risks, though evidence is not conclusively proven. Given these concerns, seeking natural alternatives and reading product labels carefully can be a wise choice for those looking to minimize synthetic dye exposure.
Red Dye 33 carries several potential short-term side effects such as skin reactions, respiratory issues, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Additionally, its possible long-term effects include an increased risk of cancer and exacerbation of ADHD symptoms. Given the harmful qualities associated with the ingredients in Red Dye 33, like aminotoluenesulfonic acid and azo compounds, and healthier alternatives available, its adverse health implications outweigh any benefits it might have in products.
A+
Very healthy and numerous health benefits. Side effects are rare. Things rated an ‘A+’ are typically necessary for survival (for example, water).
A
Very healthy and numerous health benefits. A few harmful qualities may be associated, but only under certain circumstances such as an allergic reaction.
A-
Very healthy and numerous health benefits. Harmful qualities may be associated, but aren’t usually serious.
It is important to note that even the best things in life can become bad in immoderate amounts. So, although something may be rated an ‘A+’, overconsumption/overdoing can bring unwanted effects.
B+
Very beneficial to your health. Things rated a ‘B+’ may have a few harmful qualities to pay attention to.
B
Overall beneficial to your health. Things rated a ‘B’ may have some harmful qualities to pay attention to.
B-
More beneficial to your health than not. However, harmful qualities are most likely associated and shouldn’t be overlooked.
The main difference between category ‘A’ and category ‘B’ is the harmful qualities typically present in ‘B’ items. Serious side effects are usually uncommon, but are still possible and should be taken note of.
C+
Both beneficial and harmful qualities associated. Things rated a ‘C+’ are typically a bit more on the beneficial side. Still, moderation is important.
C
A fairly even ratio of beneficial and harmful qualities. Moderation is important. Very general topics that can lean towards both sides of the spectrum will be placed here as well. Rice, for example, can be good or bad depending on the type.
C-
More harmful than beneficial. Side effects are common, especially when consumed/done excessively. Moderation is very important.
Category ‘C’ usually denotes to both good and bad qualities. When it comes to this category, it is important to keep this word in mind: moderation.
D+
Harmful to your health. Although benefits may be associated, the bad most likely outweighs the good. Moderation is very important.
D
Harmful to your health. A few benefits may be associated, but the bad outweighs the good. Moderation is extremely important.
D-
Harmful to your health. Very few, if any, benefits are present. Things in this category should be avoided as much as possible.
Category ‘D’ is typically for things that are more harmful than beneficial. While consuming/doing something unhealthy once in a blue moon shouldn’t hurt, we definitely recommend eliminating ‘D’ items as a regular part of your routine/diet.
F
Category ‘F’ is for things that fail to bring anything beneficial to the table, and are very harmful to your health. We recommend completely avoiding anything in this category. Long-term side effects of ‘F’ items are usually very serious.
N
‘N’ stands for neutral. Things placed into this category are generally (a) neither good nor bad for you, or (b) lack the necessary evidence to reach any conclusions.
In this section
When exploring the colorful world of food dyes, Red Dye 33 stands out as a vibrant hue that tints our consumables and products with its unmistakable cherry-pink to reddish-purple color. Understanding the complexity of this dye begins with diving into its composition and recognizing its broad applications in the culinary and cosmetic industries.
Composition of Red Dye 33
Known chemically as Acid Red 33 or Aminotoluenesulfonic acid, Red Dye 33 belongs to the azo dye family, a group of synthetic colorants derived from petroleum. These dyes are characterized by their intense color, stability, and durability. Azo dyes form through a chemical reaction between two components: an aromatic amine and a nitrous compound. Red Dye 33, specifically, undergoes careful processing to achieve its signature color, ensuring purity and consistency in applications.
Common Uses in Culinary and Cosmetic Products
The versatility of Red Dye 33 lies in its wide range of applications. Here’s a closer look at where you might encounter this vibrant dye:
Understanding the composition and uses of Red Dye 33 illuminates our daily encounters with synthetic dyes. Whether it’s imbuing a lipstick with the perfect shade of crimson or giving a cough syrup its characteristic color, this dye plays a significant role in the aesthetics of products we use routinely. However, with its ubiquity comes the need for a discerning eye towards the potential health implications, urging a balanced approach in evaluating the place of synthetic dyes in our lives.
Embarking on a colorful exploration into the world of food colors, specifically Red Dye 33, it’s crucial to understand how our bodies may react uniquely to synthetic additives. Though vibrant and enticing, Red Dye 33 has been under scrutiny for its potential to invoke allergic reactions and sensitivities in some individuals. This section serves as a guide to recognizing and understanding the signs and implications of such reactions.
Firstly, it’s imperative to distinguish between an allergy and a sensitivity. An allergic reaction involves the immune system and can range from mild to potentially life-threatening, including symptoms like hives, itching, or anaphylaxis. On the contrary, sensitivities may not engage the immune system in the same way but can still cause discomfort with symptoms like headaches, irritability, or digestive issues.
Recognizing the Symptoms:
To substantiate these concerns, various studies and expert opinions shed light on the reactions associated with Red Dye 33. For instance, a review published in Frontiers in Public Health highlighted the potential adverse effects of synthetic food dyes on children’s behavior, underscoring the need for more rigorous testing and regulation.
It’s also worth noting the individualized nature of these reactions. What might trigger a noticeable reaction in one person could be completely benign for another. This variability underscores the importance of monitoring and understanding one’s own body’s responses to different substances, including food additives like Red Dye 33.
For those concerned about potential allergic reactions or sensitivities, there are a few steps to consider:
In embracing a journey towards more holistic and mindful eating, understanding and respecting our bodies’ reactions to substances like Red Dye 33 is paramount. Being well-informed and cautious can empower us to make choices that better align with our health and well-being. Whether through opting for natural alternatives or thoroughly vetting product labels, the path towards a healthier lifestyle is both vibrant and worthy of exploration.
In the kaleidoscopic world of food, artificial dyes like Red Dye 33 add vibrancy to our plates but also raise concerns about our health. It’s essential to peel back the layers of these colorful additives to understand their potential impact, particularly regarding cancer risks.
Research on artificial food dyes and their connection to cancer is both complex and continuously evolving. The studies often focus on animal models, providing insights that may not directly mirror human health outcomes but offer a necessary caution. For instance, some lab studies have shown certain dyes could cause cancer in animals, raising a flag about their potential carcinogenic effects in humans.
Specifically regarding Red Dye 33, it’s found in many consumables, from candies to beverages and even some cosmetics. While it’s not classified as a carcinogen by major health organizations like the FDA or WHO, the conversation around the safety of artificial dyes, including Red Dye 33, revolves around the precautionary principle. This principle suggests that if an ingredient might cause harm, even without conclusive evidence, it might be better to avoid it.
Experts often point to the absence of clear, direct evidence linking Red Dye 33 to cancer in humans as a reason it remains approved for use. However, there’s an ongoing debate among nutritionists, health advocates, and researchers about the long-term implications of artificial colorants. Some studies have suggested a potential link between artificial dyes and an increased risk of certain types of cancer, but these connections are yet to be definitively proven.
For those concerned about the potential cancer risks associated with artificial dyes, including Red Dye 33, there are several precautionary measures to consider:
Ultimately, while the science is not yet conclusive regarding the cancer risks posed by Red Dye 33 and other artificial dyes, adopting a cautious approach can be a wise choice for those concerned about their long-term health impacts. Embracing a diet rich in natural, minimally processed foods is a step toward ensuring the vibrancy on our plates translates to vitality in our lives, without unwanted side effects.
The use of synthetic food dyes, including Red Dye 33, has been a subject of considerable debate and research, especially concerning its impact on children’s behavior and its potential link to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It’s essential for parents, educators, and healthcare providers to understand the nuances of how these additives might affect our little ones.
Some studies have suggested that certain artificial food colorings can exacerbate hyperactive behavior in children with and without ADHD. For example, a pioneering study published in The Lancet in 2007 illuminated the potential behavioral effects of food dyes (though Red Dye 33 was not specifically singled out) combined with a preservative mix, showing increased hyperactivity in children from the general population. This study led to increased scrutiny of all synthetic dyes, including Red Dye 33, among health professionals and parents.
Despite these concerns, the direct link between Red Dye 33 and ADHD in children remains a contentious topic within the scientific community. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has concluded that a causal relationship between synthetic dyes and ADHD has not been established, and currently, Red Dye 33 is approved for use in cosmetics and externally applied drugs but not in foods. Health professionals highlight the need for further research to conclusively determine the impact of specific dyes like Red Dye 33 on ADHD and overall child behavior.
However, in the realm of precautionary measures, some experts advocate for careful monitoring of children’s intake of synthetic dyes, particularly for children diagnosed with ADHD or those who exhibit hyperactivity. This approach is underpinned by the philosophy that individual sensitivities to food additives, including dyes, can vary significantly among children, thereby affecting behavior in diverse ways.
For parents concerned about the potential impacts of synthetic dyes on their children’s behavior, here are a few practical tips:
In conclusion, while the direct link between Red Dye 33 and adverse behavioral effects, including heightened symptoms of ADHD, remains under investigation, adopting a cautious approach to synthetic food dyes may be beneficial for some children. Ongoing research, parental vigilance, and open dialogue with healthcare providers are crucial steps in navigating these concerns.
When it comes to understanding the impact of ingredients like Red Dye 33 on our health, it’s crucial to examine their regulatory status. This synthetic dye is used in a variety of products, both edible and topical, making its regulation a key factor in determining its safety and permissible uses. In this section, we’ll delve into the regulatory landscape of Red Dye 33, focusing specifically on its application in food and cosmetics.
In the realm of food, the regulatory status of Red Dye 33 varies significantly around the globe. In the United States, Red Dye 33, also known as FD&C Red No. 33, is not approved for use in foods by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, it finds permissible use in cosmetics and external drugs, with specific guidance on its concentration and usage. This differentiation is important to note, as the standards for food additives are typically stricter due to their direct ingestion and potential for internal physiological effects.
Outside the United States, regulations can differ. In Europe, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) does not list Red Dye 33 as an approved colorant for foods, pointing towards a general consensus among regulatory agencies regarding its use in edibles. However, this does not preclude its use in non-food items, where its application is less restrictive.
Within the cosmetics industry, Red Dye 33 has broader acceptance. Due to its vibrant color and stability, it’s a common ingredient in a variety of cosmetic products, including but not limited to, lipsticks, blushes, and external body washes. The FDA stipulates that when used in cosmetics, the concentration of Red Dye 33 must adhere to specific guidelines to ensure consumer safety. These stipulations help mitigate the risk of adverse reactions, underscoring the importance of regulatory compliance.
It’s noteworthy that while regulatory agencies play a critical role in determining the safety and permissible use of compounds like Red Dye 33, ongoing research and studies are essential. Regulatory statuses can evolve as new data emerges, highlighting the dynamic nature of food and cosmetic safety standards. As of my current knowledge cutoff in 2023, consumers are advised to stay informed about any updates or changes to these regulations.
Understanding the regulatory status of Red Dye 33 is key to making informed decisions about the products we choose to consume or apply. By keeping abreast of these guidelines, consumers can navigate the complex landscape of food and cosmetic safety with greater confidence and knowledge.
In the quest to live a healthier lifestyle, understanding the ingredients in our products and finding natural alternatives can be akin to navigating a complex maze. Red Dye 33 is one such ingredient that might raise concerns for health-conscious individuals. This synthetic dye can be found in a variety of products, from cosmetics to medications, and even some food items. Let’s delve into how to identify products containing Red Dye 33 and explore the vibrant world of natural alternatives.
Identifying Products Containing Red Dye 33
Being an informed consumer starts with reading product labels. Red Dye 33, also known as Acid Red 33 or Azo-2,8-dihydroxy-6-naphthalene-sulfonate, is often listed under ingredients in several personal care products such as mouthwashes, toothpaste, and some cosmetics. In the United States, when it comes to food, Red Dye 33 is permitted only in externally applied drugs and cosmetics, not in foods or ingested drugs. By law, all color additives must be explicitly listed in the ingredient list, so a careful review of the labels is your first step toward avoiding it.
Why Seek Natural Alternatives?
Concerns over synthetic dyes, including Red Dye 33, primarily revolve around potential allergic reactions and their long-term impact on health. Although the FDA regulates these dyes to ensure safety, many individuals prefer natural substances, believing them to better align with a holistic health philosophy. Natural colorants often come with additional health benefits, such as antioxidants, without the risk of synthetic chemicals.
Natural Alternatives to Red Dye 33
Finding natural alternatives to Red Dye 33 for use in homemade cosmetics or food items can be a delightful exploration of the colors nature provides. Here are some vibrant, healthful options:
When incorporating these natural colorants into your products, it’s important to remember that they may not provide as intense a color as synthetic dyes and may alter the product’s texture or shelf life. Experimentation and adjustment in recipes or formulations might be necessary to achieve your desired outcome while keeping the integrity and efficacy of the product intact.
Embracing natural alternatives to Red Dye 33 not only aligns with a holistic approach to health and wellness but also deepens our connection with the natural world. By choosing ingredients derived directly from nature, you’re making a conscious decision to nourish your body and respect the environment, creating a more sustainable and vibrant lifestyle.
Yes, there are several natural alternatives to Red Dye 33 that can be used to color food, including beetroot powder for a deep red hue, hibiscus powder for a bright, slightly purplish red, and pomegranate juice, which offers a range of red shades depending on concentration. These natural colorants also bring additional nutritional benefits such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
The relationship between Red Dye 33 and cancer in humans remains inconclusive and under continued investigation. While some animal studies have raised concerns about potential carcinogenic effects of certain artificial dyes, Red Dye 33 has not been definitively linked to cancer in humans according to current research and regulatory assessments.
You can identify products containing Red Dye 33 by carefully reading the ingredient lists on product labels. Look for names like Acid Red 33, Aminotoluenesulfonic acid, or FD&C Red No. 33. Legally, all color additives must be explicitly listed, making it easier for consumers to spot and avoid them if desired.
Red Dye 33 is permitted in cosmetics and external drugs in the US due to its safety profile when used topically. However, it’s not approved for use in foods or ingested drugs because of stricter standards for substances that are ingested, given their direct and potentially more impactful physiological effects. The regulatory guidelines aim to ensure consumer safety based on the application and exposure level of the dye.

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Written by Rachel Adams
Published on: 08-21-2024
Thank you for your feedback!
Written by Rachel Adams
Published on: 08-21-2024

I know, Red 33 isn’t a popular skincare ingredient and you may not have heard of it but… lately people are wondering about its safety. So we need to talk about it. But first, let me ask you a question:
Ever wondered why natural lipstick shades come only in boring nudes or unassuming pale pinks?
It’s not lack of creativity. Or customer demand. It’s luck of dyes. There are some colours you simply can’t achieve with natural dyes.
Red is the main one. Natural red dyes are usually too sheer, don’t adhere well to the skin, or aren’t cruelty-free. So brands resort to synthetic dyes instead. Like Red 33.
But is it safe? Here’s all you need to know about it:
Table Of Contents
Red 33, also called Acid Red 33, is a synthetic red dye (I guess the name kinda gave that away, huh?). Like most colour additives, it is available as a “dye” or “lake”. Here’s what it means:
You can find both types in your makeup and skincare products.
I’m sure you know this already. I mean, it’s a red dye. What do you think it’s in your lipstick for?
Yep. Red 33 gives a red colour to makeup & co. It does this better than natural dyes. Really. Here’s why:
In other words, Red 33 is easier to formulate with than natural dyes. It gives you a wider range of colours, a more intense colour payoff, and no smelly odours. Phew!
In case you’re wondering what’s doing in skincare, same thing. Some products may have a reddish, orangey, or pinkish tint – just for aesthetic reasons. This dye is often used to contribute to that pleasant and unusual colour (unusual for a skincare product).
Want to know what ingredients you really need to avoid in your skincare products? Sign up to the newsletter below to receive the “Skincare Ingredients To Avoid” cheatsheet:
It depends on how you use it. This is why we have regulations, ladies (yes, cosmetic ingredients ARE regulated).
Red 33 is safe for use in most makeup and personal care products, including mouthwashes and breath fresheners. The exceptions:
Red 33 is a red dye that gives you a wide range of beautiful, pigmented shades – when used right. Always check the labels to make sure brands aren’t sneaking it in eye products to create buzz on IG!
Amy says:
Is there a reason it can only be used in certain concentrations? Fascinating!
beautifulwithbrains says:
Amy, that’s because red 33 is one of those dyes that can contain small amounts of lead. However, if used in concentrations up to 3%, the concentrations of lead are so minuscule that lead won’t pose a threat to human health as our body will just get rid of it. For more info on lead in lipstick, you can check out this post: http://beautifulwithbrains.com/2010/10/19/whats-the-truth-about-lead-in-lipsticks/
Marguerite says:
Mi piace troppo questa rubrica Gio, è molto utile.
beautifulwithbrains says:
Marguerite, grazie. Sono contenta che trovi questi post utili.
Kris Dickinson says:
Do you know if red dye 33 contains iodine? I recently had abdominal surgery and my skin is really dry cause of the tape on the bandages and itched so much I was using hydrocortisone cream. Well that dried my skin more so I was using Johnson’s Baby lotion. Well, my skin is still dry after repeated uses and itches for awhile after I apply it. I am allergic to iodine so Im wondering if iodine is in the dye? Ive looked all over online but cant get any answers. Thanks so much!!
beautifulwithbrains says:
Kris, I did a search but unfortunately I couldn’t find any information about it. I am personally inclined to believe it doesn’t because it would have been mentioned somewhere if it did, but I could be wrong. I’m sorry I couldn’t be of more help and I hope you get better soon.
Kris Dickinson says:
Thanks for trying! My surgery was 2 wks ago yesterday so Im doing pretty well. More healing to do inside but the incisions look great. (I had a laparoscopic removal of my ovaries so I have 3 small incisions and one a few inches long)
beautifulwithbrains says:
Kris, you’re welcome. That sounds awful but I’m glad you’re doing better and I wish you a speedy recovery!
Cindy Pytlinski says:
i believe that I am allergic to red dye 33 because for a few years I have had problems with severe redness, dryness, and itching of my eyes and eyelids. I went to the dermatologist and he told me to stop using all cosmetics and lotions except cetaphil. I
was given a cortisone shot and my eyes cleared up completely after a few weeks. When the steroid was out of my system then the redness and dryness came back. I realized that the liquid hand soap and bar soap both had red dye 33 in them. I have stopped using both and my eyes have since cleared up again. Have you heard of anyone having this problem?
beautifulwithbrains says:
Cindy, no I hadn’t heard of it. But unfortunately every ingredient in cosmetics can potentially cause an allergic reaction. I’m sorry it happened to you. It must have been an awful experience.
Kirsten says:
My daughter was just diagnosed with a contact allergy to Red #33. She had a horrible reaction to Mr. Bubble.
Gio says:
Kirsten, how awful! I’m really sorry to hear that.
kirsten says:
Thank you! I’m just glad now we know.
Gio says:
Must be a huge relief. At least now you know how to prevent it from happening again.
Troy Vincent says:
Through mixing and matching different soaps from bath and body works, I was able to figure out that I too am allergic to Red33. When I used any kind of soap, shampoo, washes, or even when I painted a house that was an off green that. I know now had Red 33 in it I break out in severe hives and turn all red swollen and itchy. One time I ate something that had some in it and became ill.
Gio says:
Troy, how awful! I’m sorry it makes you so sick. But at least now you know what to avoid.
Ana says:
I have the same issues with Red 33. My skin gets irritated, swollen and very painful. I cannot use any lipstick, lip liner, gloss, shampoo, conditioner, etc because it will burn my skin. Every product I buy cannot have Red 33. It’s amazing how many things have this dye.
Gio says:
Ana, oh no, that’s awful!
venny says:
Hi..I just bought a raspberry body butter from the body shop last night and I just noticed that it actually contains red 33 and red 4. Somehow, those number just hit me so I looked for the information over the internet. Articles I read all mentioning abt how dangerous these chemicals can be when applied to the skin as it may caused cancer just like paraben. Is it true? Since none of you guys mention about it in here.
beautifulwithbrains says:
Venny, I have never come across any evidence yet that suggests that these dyes can cause cancer in the small concentrations used in cosmetics (and there’s none that parabens are harmful either). I’ve seen a lot of websites claiming they are harmful, but so far none that has shared a link to their sources. It could very well be one of those cases where someone has misinterpreted a study and, in good faith, shared that information. For instance, sometimes people use studies where an animal got cancer for having been injected with high quantities of a substance to claim it is harmful to humans. But ingredients in cosmetics aren’t injected and they aren’t used in high amounts, so the same findings don’t apply to humans. But I will do some research and see if some new study has shed some new evidence on how these dyes work. Should I find anything new, I’ll let you know.
Cathy says:
After reading this site my question is should red dye #33 be used in liquid stool softeners which are ingested?
beautifulwithbrains says:
Cathy, yes. Red dye #33 is safe when ingested in very small amounts.
Tammy Gabriel says:
I am Kosher and don’t want to use anything with red dye from the cochineal / carmine insect. Can you tell me if Red dye 33 is derived from them?
Gio says:
Tammy, Red 33 is derived from coal tar sources.
Lisa Bentley says:
Red 33 is derived from carmine/cochineal – I had an anaphylactic reaction to the dye. I can not use any products with any of these dyes in them.
Gio says:
Lisa, how horrific! So sorry you went through that.
Kelly Kemp says:
So when a bath bomb is labeled to have FD&C colorant in it can it also be labeled “no artificial colors or dyes”
Gio says:
Kelly, if it contains dye, these must be added to the ingredient list.
Kelly Kemp says:
Thank you for responding! Well my question is about your honesty. She states “no artificial colors or dyes.” She does have her ingredients listed but she has listed “FD&C colorants.” Can she claim the no artificial colors or dyes if she actually does have them in there? That is what I am boggled about unless I am not understanding the chemicals involved. I am just learning. Thank you so much!
Kelly Kemp says:
I am sorry . My question is about HER honesty not yours!!
Gio says:
Kelly, no worries, I get you. I guess she may be using natural dyes?
cici says:
Is this blog still active? I want to assure everyone that an allergy to red dye 33 is very possible. I just learned from a patch test- in addition to hearse reactions to it- that I am very allergic to it. It is in the new Caress bath soap, “Love Forever.” Your allergist can check for many of these ingredients and that is listed on the container..
Gio says:
Cici, yes, it is still active. Thanks for your comment. I’m sorry you are allergic to this ingredient, but thank you for taking the time to warn others about it.
Barb Hays says:
It is many meds and used in Red and Violet Color Correctors made in many Color Correctors. This specified one is for taking Yellow brassyness from hair. I am allergic to this also D&C Red #33 . Horrible itching and made me ill in meds.
Now I watch many things.
Be careful. Thank you for helping.
Gio says:
Barb, thank you for your comment. I’m sorry it makes you so ill. Allergies are the worst.
Maree says:
Red 33 is a listed ingredient in Mario Badescu’s rosewater facial spray. Red 33 not permitted for application near the eye, yet in the facial spray it goes on and in my eyes… I can’t find anywhere on the internet that says why Red 33 is not permitted in applications for the eye. Do you know why?
Gio says:
Maree, I couldn’t find a straight answer either but you can find more information here: http://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/red-33-and-red-33-lake And make sure you close your eyes shut when you use the spray!
Rebekah Nutter says:
Red 33 is in a Soft & Dri deodorant only formulation, and my daughter lost the skin in her underarm area. UGGGGGH! I told her to stop using the product and switched to one that had virtually the same ingredients but no Red 33. Her armpits cleared up. She tried the pretty pink deodorant again, the next day her armpits were irritated and becoming raw. Yes, it’s a thing!
Gio says:
Rebekah, sorry to hear that. I wish brands stopped putting stuff in just to give products a certain colour. We need safe cosmetics, not pretty gimmicks.
Comments are closed.

Hi, I’m Gio! I’m a tell-it-like-it-is skin coach and author on a mission to help you achieve your best skin day ever – every day. Support Me On Patreon
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